https://eshaiju.com/blog Software Architect | Integrations, Identity & AI Systems Hands-on with Rails, React, Node.js, and Swift. en-US (Shaiju Edakulangara) (Shaiju Edakulangara) Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-10-middleware-system https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-10-middleware-system NodeLLM 1.10 introduces a full middleware architecture for intercepting LLM requests, responses, tool executions, and errors. Build PII protection, cost guards, and custom pipelines—without changing your business logic. Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMNode.jsLLMMiddlewareInfrastructure https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-monitor-production-observability https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-monitor-production-observability Introducing @node-llm/monitor—a production-grade observability layer for LLM applications. Track costs, latency, token usage, and debug AI interactions with a built-in real-time dashboard. Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMNode.jsLLMMonitoringObservabilityDevOpsInfrastructure https://eshaiju.com/blog/vercel-ai-sdk-vs-node-llm-comparison https://eshaiju.com/blog/vercel-ai-sdk-vs-node-llm-comparison Vercel AI SDK is the industry standard for shipping fast. NodeLLM is an architectural layer designed for long-term stability and backend reliability. Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMAINode.jsArchitectureVercel https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-testing-deterministic-ai https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-testing-deterministic-ai Testing AI systems is often frustrating and expensive. I’ve been working on a small utility to make testing LLM interactions a bit more predictable and secure—here is `@node-llm/testing`. Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMTestingNode.jsAIOpen Source https://eshaiju.com/blog/llm-security-defense-in-depth https://eshaiju.com/blog/llm-security-defense-in-depth Prompt injection is the new SQL injection. This post explores the security architecture required for 2026 AI Agents and how NodeLLM provides the necessary guardrails. Sat, 24 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) SecurityNodeLLMNode.jsLLMBedrockArchitectureAI-Agents https://eshaiju.com/blog/custom-nodellm-provider-oracle https://eshaiju.com/blog/custom-nodellm-provider-oracle Infrastructure doesn't stop at OpenAI. Learn how to extend NodeLLM to support proprietary gateways like Oracle Cloud's Generative AI Service using a clean, zero-dependency, interface-driven approach. Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Node.jsNodeLLMOracle CloudCohereArchitecture https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-7-0-extended-thinking https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-7-0-extended-thinking NodeLLM 1.7.0 introduces a unified interface for reasoning-focused models. Standardize how you handle Claude 3.7 Thinking, DeepSeek R1 Reasoning, and OpenAI o1/o3 Effort with a single, fluent API. Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMNode.jsLLMClaude 3.7DeepSeek R1OpenAI o1Infrastructure https://eshaiju.com/blog/building-ai-agents-nodejs https://eshaiju.com/blog/building-ai-agents-nodejs AI Agents are more than chatbots—they're systems that can reason, plan, and act. This post breaks down what an agent actually is, how the execution loop works under the hood, and gives you a copy-paste-ready agent using NodeLLM. Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Node.jsLLMAgentsTool CallingNodeLLMAI https://eshaiju.com/blog/stop-redesigning-chat-databases https://eshaiju.com/blog/stop-redesigning-chat-databases Every time I start a new AI project, I find myself redesigning the same four database tables. Here is why we need a universal persistence layer for AI, and how @node-llm/orm brings Rails-like sanity to the Node.js AI ecosystem. Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Node.jsLLMPrismaNext.jsPersistenceNodeLLM https://eshaiju.com/blog/stop-building-toy-chatbots https://eshaiju.com/blog/stop-building-toy-chatbots Building a chatbot that lists models is easy. Building one that remembers users, persists tool calls, and handles real-time streaming in a production Next.js app is hard. Here is how we do it with @node-llm/orm. Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Node.jsLLMPrismaNext.jsPersistenceNodeLLM https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-5-0-security https://eshaiju.com/blog/nodellm-1-5-0-security NodeLLM 1.5.0 adds runtime safety for AI integrations: mandatory timeouts, tool call limits, human-in-the-loop approvals, and global token protection. Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) SecurityNodeLLMNode.jsLLMInfrastructure https://eshaiju.com/blog/tool-calling-in-llms https://eshaiju.com/blog/tool-calling-in-llms LLMs are great at thinking, but terrible at doing. Learn how Tool Calling bridges the gap between text generation and real-world action. Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMLLMAINode.jsArchitectureToolCalling https://eshaiju.com/blog/introducing-node-llm https://eshaiju.com/blog/introducing-node-llm Announcing NodeLLM, the Backend-First infrastructure layer for building production-grade AI agents in Node.js. Provider-agnostic, zero-dependency, and built for long-running processes. Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) NodeLLMNode.jsLLMAIArchitectureBackend https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-10-15-preload-has-many-associations-in-graphql-ruby-using-graphql-preload https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-10-15-preload-has-many-associations-in-graphql-ruby-using-graphql-preload Efficiently preload has_many associations in GraphQL Ruby to eliminate N+1 queries using the graphql-preload gem. Sun, 15 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-10-14-graphql-ruby-mutation-with-input-object-type https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-10-14-graphql-ruby-mutation-with-input-object-type Improve your GraphQL mutations by using InputObjectType to group and clean up mutation arguments. Sat, 14 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-08-23-deccan-rubyconf-2017-first-experience-as-a-speaker https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-08-23-deccan-rubyconf-2017-first-experience-as-a-speaker Recap of my first experience speaking at a major conference, Deccan RubyConf 2017, held in Pune. Wed, 23 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) ConferenceGraphQLRuby https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-08-05-graphql-security-issues-and-solutions https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-08-05-graphql-security-issues-and-solutions Protect your GraphQL server from DDoS attacks and resource exhaustion by implementing timeouts, max depth, and complexity limits. Sat, 05 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-06-09-dry-graphql-definitions-using-interfaces https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-06-09-dry-graphql-definitions-using-interfaces Use GraphQL Interfaces to share common fields across different types and make your schema definitions more maintainable. Fri, 09 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-31-graphql-ruby-error-handling https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-31-graphql-ruby-error-handling Learn how to effectively handle and expose errors in your GraphQL Ruby API, from validation failures to unexpected exceptions. Wed, 31 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-15-graphql-mutation-query-implementation-ruby-on-rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-15-graphql-mutation-query-implementation-ruby-on-rails Mutation is a special type of query used to change data in the database like Creating, Editing or Deleting Records from a table or Store. These are th... Mon, 15 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-11-graphiql-ide-alternativs-for-development-testing-exploring-graphql-servers https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-11-graphiql-ide-alternativs-for-development-testing-exploring-graphql-servers Explore powerful alternatives to the default GraphiQL IDE for better query management and header support. Thu, 11 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLGraphiQL https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-09-solving-n-plus-1-query-in-graphql-using-graphql-batch https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-09-solving-n-plus-1-query-in-graphql-using-graphql-batch Solve the common N+1 SQL query problem in GraphQL Ruby applications using the graphql-batch gem. Tue, 09 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-08-graphql-server-nested-query-implemenation-example-in-ruby-on-rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-08-graphql-server-nested-query-implemenation-example-in-ruby-on-rails Learn how to implement nested data sets in GraphQL to fetch complex data structures in a single request. Mon, 08 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-06-a-graphql-server-implementation-ruby-on-rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-05-06-a-graphql-server-implementation-ruby-on-rails Introduction to implementing a GraphQL server in Ruby on Rails, covering schemas, types, and queries. Sat, 06 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) GraphQLRubyRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-01-19-delayed-job-web-web-interface-for-monitor-delayed-job https://eshaiju.com/blog/2017-01-19-delayed-job-web-web-interface-for-monitor-delayed-job Monitor your background jobs with a Resque-inspired web interface for delayed_job. Thu, 19 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-25-profile-api-endpoints-using-rack-mini-profiler https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-25-profile-api-endpoints-using-rack-mini-profiler Fine-tune your API performance by profiling endpoints with the rack-mini-profiler gem. Thu, 25 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-16-slide-active-record-basics https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-16-slide-active-record-basics An introduction to Active Record basics and core CRUD operations in Rails. Tue, 16 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-15-apipi-dumping-examples-in-to-apipie-examples-file https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-15-apipi-dumping-examples-in-to-apipie-examples-file Learn how to record and store API examples in JSON format using Apipie-rails. Mon, 15 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-15-rails-5-belongs-to-associations-default-to-required-true https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-15-rails-5-belongs-to-associations-default-to-required-true Rails 5 introduces a change where belongs_to associations are required by default. Learn how to manage this new behavior. Mon, 15 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsRails 5 https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-08-camaleon-cms-new-ruby-on-rails-cms-framework https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-02-08-camaleon-cms-new-ruby-on-rails-cms-framework Camaleon CMS is a powerful open-source alternatives to WordPress, built specifically for Ruby on Rails. Mon, 08 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-01-28-create-rails-application-from-edge-version-rails-5-0-beta https://eshaiju.com/blog/2016-01-28-create-rails-application-from-edge-version-rails-5-0-beta Setup a new Rails application using the edge version to test new features like Action Cable and API mode. Thu, 28 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-08-09-travis-ci-integration-step-by-step-tutorial https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-08-09-travis-ci-integration-step-by-step-tutorial Learn how to integrate Travis CI with your GitHub repository for automated builds and testing. Sun, 09 Aug 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) General https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-24-slide-playing-with-active-record-migrations https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-24-slide-playing-with-active-record-migrations A session covering the essentials of Active Record Migrations in Ruby on Rails. Fri, 24 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-10-slide-an-introduction-to-active-record-associations https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-10-slide-an-introduction-to-active-record-associations Introduction to the basic concepts of Active Record Associations in Ruby on Rails. Fri, 10 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-02-slide-an-introduction-to-ruby-on-rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-07-02-slide-an-introduction-to-ruby-on-rails Introduction to Ruby on Rails slides for beginners and new joiners. Thu, 02 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-18-rspec-run-specific-set-of-tests-using-tag-option https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-18-rspec-run-specific-set-of-tests-using-tag-option Speed up your development by running a specific subset of tests using RSpec's tagging feature. Wed, 18 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsRspec https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-15-implement-dependent-select-in-active-admin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-15-implement-dependent-select-in-active-admin Learn how to implement dependent select boxes in ActiveAdmin to populate options based on previous selections. Sun, 15 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-08-ruby-on-rails-applications-security-vulnerability-checking-tool-brakeman https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-02-08-ruby-on-rails-applications-security-vulnerability-checking-tool-brakeman Brakeman is a static analysis tool that checks Ruby on Rails applications for security vulnerabilities without needing a full execution stack. Sun, 08 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-25-translate-active-record-model-name-attrbutes-with-rails-internationalization-i18n-api https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-25-translate-active-record-model-name-attrbutes-with-rails-internationalization-i18n-api The Ruby I18n gem provides an easy-to-use framework for translating your application's models, attributes, and validation messages. Sun, 25 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-22-two-ways-to-avoid-cors-issue-in-development-environment https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-22-two-ways-to-avoid-cors-issue-in-development-environment Solve CORS issues in development by setting up a reverse proxy or disabling browser security checks. Thu, 22 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) General https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-19-activeskin-flat-skin-for-active-admin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-19-activeskin-flat-skin-for-active-admin Active Admin is a Ruby on Rails plugin for generating administration style interfaces. ActiveSkin is a beautiful flat skin for it. Mon, 19 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-16-standard-for-the-order-of-associations-scopes-includes-validations-in-a-rails-model https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-16-standard-for-the-order-of-associations-scopes-includes-validations-in-a-rails-model Maintain a consistent order of associations, scopes, and methods in your Rails models for better readability. Fri, 16 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-15-check-rspec-test-coverage-with-simplecov-gem https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-15-check-rspec-test-coverage-with-simplecov-gem SimpleCov is a code coverage analysis tool for Ruby. Set it up with just a few lines of code to get detailed coverage reports. Thu, 15 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-13-password-policy-implemenation-with-devise-and-devise-security-extension https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-13-password-policy-implemenation-with-devise-and-devise-security-extension Implement banking-grade password policies in Rails using the Devise gem and Devise Security Extension. Tue, 13 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-09-apipie-rails-rails-api-documentation-tool https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-09-apipie-rails-rails-api-documentation-tool Document your RESTful API in Rails using Apipie, a DSL that lets you describe your code through the code itself. Fri, 09 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-08-spree-add-extra-fields-to-product-model-with-deface-and-decorator https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-08-spree-add-extra-fields-to-product-model-with-deface-and-decorator Customize Spree Commerce models by adding extra fields using decorators and Deface. Thu, 08 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) SpreeRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-05-multiple-language-site-in-refinery-with-i18n https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-05-multiple-language-site-in-refinery-with-i18n Make your Refinery CMS site multilingual using the refinerycms-i18n gem. Mon, 05 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Refinery CMSRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-03-custom-html5-validation-error-messages-with-civem-dot-js https://eshaiju.com/blog/2015-01-03-custom-html5-validation-error-messages-with-civem-dot-js HTML5 allows us to implement client-side form validation without coding. Learn how to customize the error messages with Civem.js. Sat, 03 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) General https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-07-27-deploying-ruby-on-rails-application-to-cloud-application-platform-openshift https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-07-27-deploying-ruby-on-rails-application-to-cloud-application-platform-openshift OpenShift is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) from RedHat. Learn how to deploy a Rails application to OpenShift gears. Sun, 27 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsDeploymentOpenshift https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-04-30-in-page-editing-in-rails-active-admin-using-gem-best-in-place https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-04-30-in-page-editing-in-rails-active-admin-using-gem-best-in-place Add in-place editing to ActiveAdmin pages using the Best In Place gem for a seamless user experience. Wed, 30 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-03-16-nested-forms-for-belongsto-relationship https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-03-16-nested-forms-for-belongsto-relationship Implement nested forms for belongs_to relationships in ActiveAdmin using accepts_nested_attributes_for. Sun, 16 Mar 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-03-05-fullcalendar-integration-with-ruby-on https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-03-05-fullcalendar-integration-with-ruby-on FullCalendar is a jQuery plugin that provides a full-sized drag-and-drop calendar. Learn how to integrate it with a Rails application. Wed, 05 Mar 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-02-04-activeadmin-adding-filter-on-hasone https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-02-04-activeadmin-adding-filter-on-hasone Setup a has_one :through relationship filter in ActiveAdmin with Project, Task, and Activity models. Tue, 04 Feb 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-01-01-autocomplete-using-chosen-in-rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2014-01-01-autocomplete-using-chosen-in-rails Implement autocomplete in the active_admin interface to select one or more users from the user list using the Chosen library. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Ruby On RailsActiveAdmin https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-11-03-changing-kannel-log-level-log-rotation https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-11-03-changing-kannel-log-level-log-rotation Reduce Kannel logs by changing the log level or setting up log rotation with logrotate. Sun, 03 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Kannel https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-31-installing-and-configuring-sql-based https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-31-installing-and-configuring-sql-based SQL box is a special Kannel box that sits between bearer box and SMS box and uses a database queue to store and forward messages. Thu, 31 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Kannel https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-03-kannel-monitoring-tool-ruby-gem https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-03-kannel-monitoring-tool-ruby-gem Over the past few months, I have been facing many issues with the Kannel SMS gateway. I decided to write a tool to monitor Kannel activities. Thu, 03 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) KannelRubyGemRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-01-a-gem-for-generating-custom-error-pages https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-10-01-a-gem-for-generating-custom-error-pages Writing a Ruby Gem was a long-time wish of mine. This generator automatically generates custom code for handling 404 and 500 errors and pages in Rails applications. Tue, 01 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) RubyGemRuby On Rails https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-09-09-configuring-mysql-dlr-storage https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-09-09-configuring-mysql-dlr-storage To support MySQL, we need to recompile Kannel with --mysql. To store DLR information in a MySQL database, you can use the dlr-storage = mysql configuration directive. Mon, 09 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Kannel https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-09-01-kannel-installation-and-configuration https://eshaiju.com/blog/2013-09-01-kannel-installation-and-configuration Kannel is an open-source WAP and SMS gateway for GSM networks. Learn how to install and configure it to link HTTP-based services with SMS centres. Sun, 01 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT (Shaiju Edakulangara) Kannel